Retinal optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and MOG-antibody associated disorders: an updated review

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Retinal optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and MOG-antibody associated disorders: an updated review
Creators Name:	Lin, T.Y., Chien, C., Lu, A., Paul, F. and Zimmermann, H.G.
Abstract:	INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG antibody associated disorders (MOGAD) comprise two groups of rare neuroinflammatory diseases that cause attack-related damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical attacks are often characterized by optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and to a lesser extent, brainstem encephalitis/area postrema syndrome. Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique that allows for in vivo thickness quantification of the retinal layers. Apart from OCT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in NMOSD and MOGAD diagnosis based on the current international diagnostic criteria. Retinal OCT and brain, spinal cord or optic nerve MRI can help to distinguish NMOSD and MOGAD from other neuroinflammatory diseases, particularly from multiple sclerosis, and to monitor disease-associated CNS-damage. AREAS COVERED: This article summarizes the current status of imaging research in NMOSD and MOGAD, and reviews the clinical relevance of OCT, MRI and other relevant imaging techniques for differential diagnosis, screening and monitoring of the disease course. EXPERT OPINION: Retinal OCT and MRI can visualize and quantify CNS damage in vivo, improving our understanding of NMOSD and MOGAD pathology and disease mechanisms. Further efforts on the standardization of these imaging techniques are essential for implementation into clinical practice and as outcome parameters in clinical trials.
Keywords:	Aquaporin-4, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MOG-Antibody Associated Disorders, Myelin Oligodendrocytic Glycoprotein, Neuroimmunology, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Optical Coherence Tomography, Optic Neuritis
Source:	Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
ISSN:	1473-7175
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Volume:	21
Number:	10
Page Range:	1101-1123
Date:	October 2021
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2021.1982697
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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