Statins inhibit reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis: role for glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and transcription factor beta-catenin

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Statins inhibit reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis: role for glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and transcription factor beta-catenin
Creators Name:	Bergmann, M.W., Rechner, C., Freund, C., Baurand, A., El Jamali, A. and Dietz, R.
Abstract:	Background: Statins may improve left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. We tested whether statins inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis through glycogen synthase kinase 3{beta} (GSK3{beta}) inactivation and evaluated activation of downstream transcription factors. Methods/results. - Mevastatin and pravastatin activated serine/threonine kinase Akt in neonatal cardiomyocytes dose and time dependently with maximal activation at 15 min/10 μM. Caspase-3 activity was induced 2.73 ± 0.29-fold by 6 h of hypoxia followed by 18 h of reoxygenation. Pravastatin added at the beginning of the reoxygenation period reduced caspase-3 activation to 1.26 ± 0.06-fold compared to control cells (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for mevastatin (decreased to 1.98 ± 0.45-fold, P < 0.05). TUNEL staining of neonatal cardiomyocytes after 24 h reoxygenation and 4′,6′- diamidino-2-phenylindole staining of adult rat cardiomyocytes after 6 h H 2O 2 showed reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the presence of statin. Analysis of signaling pathways downstream of Akt revealed phosphorylation of GSK3{beta}. Transcription factor cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein showed weak phosphorylation at serine 133; transcription factor NF-κB was not significantly activated after statin treatment as evaluated by EMSA. The GSK3{beta} target protein β-catenin was stabilized at 3 h after statin treatment both in neonatal as well as adult rat cardiomyocytes. Transfection with constitutive active GSK3{beta}S9A sensitized neonatal cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis as measured by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, myocardial protein extracts of mice revealed GSK3{beta} inactivation after administration of pravastatin intraperitoneally. Conclusions: Statins inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in association with GSK3{beta} inactivation. Inactivation of GSK3{beta} leads to stabilization of {beta} catenin in cardiomyocytes.
Keywords:	Apoptosis, {Beta}-Catenin, Cardiomyocyte, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3{beta}, Hypoxia, Transcription Factor
Source:	Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
ISSN:	0022-2828
Publisher:	Elsevier
Volume:	37
Number:	3
Page Range:	681-690
Date:	1 January 2004
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.05.025
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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